California prevailing wage and certified payroll rules
California requires prevailing wages on public works projects over $1,000. Contractors must register with the Department of Industrial Relations, submit certified payroll online through eCPR at least monthly, and meet apprentice rules on contracts of $30,000 or more.
California has one of the most demanding prevailing wage systems in the country. Under Labor Code section 1771, contractors on public works projects over $1,000 must pay the prevailing wage set by the Director of the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR). On most projects, every contractor and subcontractor must also be registered with DIR before bidding and must upload certified payroll to DIR's online system. Public works here means construction, alteration, demolition, installation, or repair done under contract and paid for in whole or in part with public funds.
| Rule | California |
|---|---|
| Law | California Labor Code, Public Works chapter (section 1720 and following) |
| Prevailing wage threshold | Projects over $1,000 (Labor Code 1771) |
| Who sets rates | Director of the Department of Industrial Relations; current set is 2026-2 |
| Contractor registration | Required with DIR; $400 per fiscal year, or $800 for two years, $1,200 for three |
| Small project exemption | Projects not over $25,000 (new construction, alteration, installation, demolition, repair) or $15,000 (maintenance) |
| Certified payroll | Online through DIR eCPR, at least monthly, within a month after the payroll period ends |
| Apprentice rules | Contracts of $30,000 or more; 1 apprentice hour per 5 journey-level hours |
| Unregistered contractor penalty | $2,000 for a first violation, plus the registration fee |
Which California projects are covered
The trigger is public funds plus covered work. A city fire station, a school district modernization, a county road job, or a private project that receives some public money can all be public works. DIR notes that related preconstruction and post-construction activities can be covered too. If you are not sure, the awarding body is required to register the project with DIR, and that registration (or the lack of it) is your first clue.
Awarding bodies register projects through DIR's Public Works website services and list every trade identified at registration. DIR warns that registering more than 30 days after award can jeopardize state funding, so owners usually take it seriously.
DIR contractor registration
Anyone who bids on or contracts to perform prevailing wage work is a public works contractor and must register with DIR. That includes subcontractors, sole proprietors, and brokers. Registration runs on the state fiscal year (July 1 to June 30) at $400 per year, and you can buy one, two, or three years at once. To qualify you need workers' compensation coverage for any employees, any required CSLB license, no delinquent wage or penalty assessments, no current debarment, and you must use only registered subcontractors.
- First-time registration after working unregistered: $2,000 penalty if you bid, were awarded, or worked on a public works job in the past 12 months.
- Late renewal, July 1 to September 30: $400 if the lapse was accidental, $2,000 if not.
- Renewal after September 30 or reactivation: $2,000 if you worked or bid while unregistered in the past 12 months.
- Repeat violations: two within 12 months can disqualify a contractor from public works for up to 12 months at a time.
On small projects under the exemption ($25,000 or less for construction, alteration, installation, demolition, or repair, $15,000 or less for maintenance), contractors do not have to register or file eCPR for that project. They still pay prevailing wages, keep certified payroll records, and produce them on request. The threshold is measured on the whole prime contract, not on your subcontract.
Finding California prevailing wage rates
California does not use federal rates on state public works. DIR's Office of Policy, Research and Legislation publishes general prevailing wage determinations by craft and county, with a separate set of apprentice rates. The current set is labeled 2026-2, with related notices dated from September 1, 2026. Use the wage determination referenced in the bid documents and watch the important notices for corrections and interim determinations. Read each determination's expiration and any notes on rate changes before you lock your labor price, because a two-year job can outlast the rate sheet you bid from.
Certified payroll through eCPR
Contractors and subcontractors on most public works projects submit certified payroll records to the Labor Commissioner online through DIR's Public Works website services. DIR says records are due at least monthly, within a month after the end of the payroll period, or more often if the awarding body's contract says so. DIR's own best practice is weekly or at the end of each pay period. You can key payroll in directly or upload a file built to DIR's CPR XML schema (version 1.3), which many payroll systems can export. Submitted payrolls are publicly searchable with confidential data removed.
Apprentice requirements
Public works contracts of $30,000 or more carry an obligation to hire apprentices, and DIR says it applies to every contractor and subcontractor on the project, even those whose own portion is under $30,000. Crafts the wage determination says do not use apprentices are excluded. The key steps:
- Send contract award information (form DAS 140) for each apprenticeable craft to your apprenticeship committee, or to every committee that can supply apprentices to the site if you are not approved to train.
- Request apprentices (form DAS 142) at least three business days before you need them.
- Employ apprentices at a ratio of at least one hour for every five journey-level hours.
- Pay the training fund contribution in the wage determination to the apprenticeship committee or the California Apprenticeship Council.
The Division of Apprenticeship Standards can grant exemptions. For the details on ratios and dispatch, see apprentice rules on prevailing wage projects and the apprentice ratio definition.
Penalties and how California differs from Davis-Bacon
DIR lists the consequences of noncompliance as restitution of wages with interest and liquidated damages, monetary penalties, debarment of up to three years, criminal prosecution, and reimbursement of DIR's investigation costs. Contractors and subcontractors are jointly and severally liable for money owed, so a prime can end up paying for a sub's underpayment.
Compared with the federal Davis-Bacon Act, California starts at $1,000 instead of $2,000, uses state-set rates instead of federal determinations, requires contractor registration, and collects payroll in a state online system instead of weekly WH-347 reports to a federal agency. Jobs with federal money can carry both sets of rules. Also review the California contractor license requirements, California mechanics lien and stop payment notice rights, and California prompt payment rules.
Smart Business Automator tracks hours by craft and county, checks them against your rate tables, and prepares certified payroll data ready for upload. See certified payroll automation.
Frequently asked questions
What is the prevailing wage threshold in California?
Labor Code section 1771 requires prevailing wages on public works projects over $1,000. Registration and eCPR filing are not required on small projects of $25,000 or less (construction, alteration, installation, demolition, repair) or $15,000 or less (maintenance), but prevailing wages still apply.
How much does DIR public works registration cost?
$400 for one fiscal year (July 1 to June 30), $800 for two years, or $1,200 for three years. Contractors who work or bid while unregistered face a $2,000 penalty for a first violation.
How often is certified payroll due in California?
DIR requires certified payroll at least monthly, within a month after the end of the payroll period, or more often if the awarding body's contract requires it. DIR recommends weekly or per pay period.
Where do I look up California prevailing wage rates?
On DIR's general prevailing wage determinations page, organized by craft and county, with a separate apprentice rate lookup. The bid documents should identify the determination that applies.
When do California apprentice requirements apply?
On public works contracts of $30,000 or more, for every contractor and subcontractor in apprenticeable crafts. Contractors submit a DAS 140, request apprentices with a DAS 142, and meet a 1 to 5 apprentice to journey-level hour ratio.
Do subcontractors have to register with DIR?
Yes. Anyone who bids on or contracts for prevailing wage work must register, including subcontractors and sole proprietors, and primes may use only registered subcontractors.
Sources
- California DIR: Public works
- California DIR: Public works contractor registration
- California DIR: Public works FAQs (SB 854)
- California DIR: Certified payroll reporting
- California DIR: Apprenticeship requirements on public works
- California DIR: Prevailing wage requirements
- California DIR, Office of Policy, Research and Legislation: General prevailing wage determinations
- California DIR: Enforcement of public works law
Laws and rates change. Confirm current requirements with the state agency before you bid, file, or pay. This page is general information, not legal advice.