Pricing and estimating

How to price concrete jobs

Price a concrete job by calculating the yards, adding a waste factor, pricing material, labor, and equipment, then adding overhead and profit as a margin. Turn the result into a unit price and a minimum charge.

A project engineer in a hardhat and safety vest uses a rugged tablet beside steel wall framing.
Capture field information where the work happens, then route it to the people who need it. AI-generated illustration.

To price a concrete job, measure the area and thickness, convert to cubic yards (cubic feet divided by 27), add waste, and price the concrete, reinforcement, base, and forms. Then add crew hours at your burdened labor rate, equipment and pump costs, your overhead, and a profit margin. Divide the total by the square feet or linear feet to get a unit price you can check against your history. Square foot prices you hear around town are a sanity check, not a starting point, because they hide someone else's costs.

Three ways concrete contractors price work

  • Unit pricing. A price per square foot for flatwork, per linear foot for footings, curb, and saw cuts, or per cubic yard for structural pours. Fast, easy for customers to compare, and the norm for most residential and builder work. The risk is a unit price that does not reflect site conditions. See unit cost.
  • Detailed cost estimate (lump sum). Build the job line by line from takeoff, then quote one price. Best for foundations, commercial work, and anything with odd access, demolition, or pumping. More work, more accurate.
  • Time and materials. Used for repairs, unknown conditions, and change work. Bill hours at a set rate plus materials with a markup. Put the rates in writing first; see time and materials.

Most companies use a detailed estimate to build their unit prices, then quote by the unit and adjust for site conditions. Do a full estimate every few months to keep the unit prices honest as ready-mix, rebar, and wages move.

The math: from dimensions to yards

Cubic yards equal length in feet times width in feet times thickness in feet, divided by 27. Thickness in inches divided by 12 gives feet, so a 4 inch slab is 0.333 feet thick. Footings work the same way: length times width times depth. Add a waste factor for over-excavation, uneven sub-base, and spillage, then round up to what your supplier will deliver. Ordering short on a pour is far more expensive than one extra yard, because a second truck can mean a cold joint and an idle crew.

Worked example: a 24 by 30 foot driveway

This is an illustration with made-up input costs. Use your own supplier quotes and labor rates. Say a homeowner wants a 24 by 30 foot driveway, 4 inches thick, with rebar, 4 inches of compacted gravel base, a broom finish, and saw-cut control joints. The truck can reach the forms, so no pump.

  1. Area and volume. 24 x 30 = 720 square feet. 720 x 0.333 = 240 cubic feet. 240 / 27 = 8.89 cubic yards.
  2. Waste. Add 10 percent as an example factor: 8.89 x 1.10 = 9.78. Order 10 yards.
  3. Materials. 10 yards at an example $165 per yard = $1,650. Rebar and chairs $380. Gravel base $450. Form lumber, stakes, and expansion joint $150. Materials total $2,630.
  4. Labor. A four-person crew: one day to excavate, compact, and form (32 hours), one day to pour and finish (32 hours), plus 6 hours to saw cut and strip. 70 hours at an example burdened rate of $45 = $3,150. Burdened means wages plus payroll taxes, workers' comp, and benefits; see how to calculate labor burden.
  5. Equipment. Compactor and saw rental, fuel, and blades: $350.
  6. Direct cost. $2,630 + $3,150 + $350 = $6,130.
  7. Overhead. If your overhead runs 15 percent of direct cost (an example), add $919.50. Cost with overhead: $7,049.50.
  8. Profit as margin. For a 10 percent net margin, divide by 0.90: $7,049.50 / 0.90 = $7,832.78. Quote $7,835.
  9. Unit check. $7,835 / 720 = about $10.88 per square foot. Compare that to your history for similar driveways.
Example driveway estimate summary (illustration only)
LineAmount
Materials$2,630.00
Labor (70 hours burdened)$3,150.00
Equipment$350.00
Overhead at 15 percent of direct cost$919.50
Profit at 10 percent margin$783.28
Price (rounded)$7,835.00

Overhead and markup

Overhead is everything that keeps the company running but does not belong to one pour: the office, insurance not charged to jobs, trucks sitting in the yard, your estimating time, software, and phones. Divide annual overhead by annual direct costs to get a rate, and apply it to every bid. The guide on how to calculate construction overhead rate shows the method.

Watch the difference between markup and margin. A 10 percent markup on $7,049.50 gives $7,754.45, which is only a 9.1 percent margin. Dividing by 0.90 gives a true 10 percent margin. Small gaps like that add up across a season. See markup vs margin in construction.

Unit prices and add-ons concrete contractors use

Common concrete pricing units
WorkUsual unitAdjust for
Driveways, patios, sidewalksPer square footThickness, reinforcement, finish, access
Footings and grade beamsPer linear foot or per cubic yardWidth, depth, rebar, digging conditions
Foundation wallsPer square foot of wall or per cubic yardHeight, forming system, openings
Curb and gutterPer linear footProfile, machine or hand formed
Saw cuttingPer linear footDepth, wet cutting setup
Demolition and haul-offPer square foot or lump sumThickness, reinforcement, disposal fees
PumpPer pour or per hour plus per yardSupplier quote, boom size
Decorative finishesPer square foot add-onStamp pattern, color, sealer

Set a minimum charge for small jobs. A 6 by 6 pad still needs a truck, a crew, mobilization, and often a short-load fee from the ready-mix plant. Price it from a half day or full day of crew cost, not from the square footage. Also price cold or hot weather work separately: blankets, accelerators, retarders, and curing compounds cost real money.

Mistakes that sink concrete bids

  1. Pricing slabs by area and forgetting thickened edges, footings, and turndowns that add yards.
  2. Leaving out base material, compaction, and excavation when the site needs it.
  3. Using raw wages instead of burdened labor.
  4. No line for pump time, short loads, or wait time charges from the supplier.
  5. Never checking estimated yards and hours against actuals, so the same error repeats on every bid. Track it with job costing.

Lay your numbers out in the concrete estimate template and bill from the concrete invoice template. If you want estimated quantities to carry into the job and cost reports automatically, Smart Business Automator's estimate to project handoff automation does that.

Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate how much concrete to order?

Multiply length by width by thickness, all in feet, and divide by 27 to get cubic yards. Add a waste factor for sub-base variation and spillage, then round up to the supplier's delivery increment.

Should I price concrete per square foot or per yard?

Flatwork is usually quoted per square foot, footings and curbs per linear foot, and structural pours per cubic yard. Build each unit price from a detailed cost estimate so it reflects your actual crew and material costs.

What waste factor should I use for concrete?

It depends on the work and your crew. Formed slabs on a good base waste less than footings dug in rough soil. Compare ordered yards to calculated yards on past jobs and set the factor from your own history.

How do I price small concrete jobs?

Use a minimum charge based on a half day or full day of crew time plus mobilization and any short-load fee. Square foot pricing on a tiny pad will not cover the truck and crew.

Is profit added as markup or margin?

Either works if you know which you are using. To hit a target margin, divide cost by one minus the margin (for example, divide by 0.90 for 10 percent).

Sources

  1. Smart Business Automator: pricing
Written and edited by

Maurice Francois writes and edits construction operations guides for Smart Business Automator. More from Maurice on the Scaling Legends podcast.

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